In recent years, Russia has firmly promoted agricultural mechanization

Russia is a large agricultural country with a vast area. Its agricultural region is suitable for mechanized operations because of its favorable climate, flat terrain and fertile soil. More than 65% of the rural population in Russia has a medium or higher degree of education, and has the technical base and promotion conditions for the use and maintenance of agricultural machinery. In order to continuously increase agricultural productivity and meet the needs of modern agricultural development, Russia has in recent years resolutely pursued the strategy of agricultural mechanization and established a multi-level agricultural machinery development management system covering the central, federal, and grass-roots levels, which has improved the level of agricultural mechanization and promoted agricultural production. Continuous development.

Conditions are ripe for various needs Russia is a large agricultural country that spans Eurasia and covers an area of ​​193.8 million hectares, including 117.5 million hectares of arable land. The Russian agricultural region has a favorable climate, flat terrain and fertile soil, which is very suitable for mechanized operations. According to the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, the planting area of ​​Russian crops in 2011 will increase by 3% over the previous year to reach 77.2 million hectares. The acreage of spring crops was 50.4 million hectares, an increase of 3.5 million hectares over the previous year. As of June 1st, Russia's spring cereal planting area has reached 28 million hectares, accounting for 98% of the planned area, an increase of 2.4 million hectares from the sown area in the same period of last year. According to the statistics of the Russian Federation's National Bureau of Statistics, Russia's agricultural output in January-April 2011 increased by 0.6% compared with the same period in 2010.

At present, Russia's agricultural mechanization presents diverse demands for technology, specifications, and grades. The demand for agricultural machinery can be divided into three categories: collective farms, private farms and agricultural enterprises. Due to historical reasons, some collective farms have low levels of production and operation, lack of technical funds, and do not adapt to the market economy environment. With the deepening of marketization of Russian agriculture, the farm machinery and equipment of these collective farms are no longer adapted to the needs of large-scale mechanized agricultural production in the future and urgently need to be renewed. Therefore, they are the main users in the process of updating and popularizing large-scale agricultural machinery in the future. The majority of private farms established using land shares and some agricultural machinery and equipment are home-based units, subject to the constraints of economic level and land size, and favoring the demand for small and medium-sized agricultural machinery. The company's agricultural business is a market-oriented force in the development of Russia's agriculture. It has the positive intention of popularizing and using advanced agricultural machinery technologies and diversified agricultural production capacity. It is the practitioner and promoter of new technologies for agricultural machinery.

In addition, the overall cultural quality of Russian residents is high, and more than 65% of the population in rural areas have a medium or higher education level. The level of Russian skilled workers and experts is comparable to the average level of Western developed countries, and has the technical foundation and promotion conditions for the use and maintenance of agricultural machinery.

Policy incentives and strong support As a result of accumulated experience in promoting the use of agricultural machinery for a long period of time, Russia has formed a multi-level agricultural machinery development management system covering the central, federal, and grass-roots levels in the guidance and quality supervision of agricultural machinery. The management mechanism has also increased the level of agricultural mechanization and promoted the sustainable development of agriculture.

The Russian government attaches great importance to the supervision of machine product quality and has established a relatively complete quality management and testing and appraisal system nationwide. The system consists of two systems: one is a national standardization management system, namely the National Standardization Technical Supervision Center, which is mainly responsible for the formulation of national and local standards, the quality certification management of various products, and the supervision of market law enforcement; the other is the agricultural sector. The system, namely the Department of Equipment Policy of the Ministry of Agriculture, is responsible for the formulation and revision of the national agricultural machinery industry standards and the test and appraisal of agricultural machinery product performance. The Russian Ministry of Agriculture has set up 14 directly under the National Agricultural Machinery Experimental Institute. The Agricultural Machinery Testing Institute presses the industry department system, that is, the Department of Equipment Policy of the Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the formulation and revision of the national agricultural machinery industry standards and the test and appraisal of agricultural machinery product performance. The Russian Ministry of Agriculture has set up 14 directly under the National Agricultural Machinery Experimental Institute. The Agricultural Machinery Testing Institute, following the inspection and acceptance plan issued by the Ministry of Agriculture's Ministry of Agriculture's Equipment Policy Department, tests and tests products according to relevant requirements and standards, and reports the inspection and acceptance results to the Ministry of Agriculture. The new products for agricultural machinery have also been set up by the Ministry of Agriculture. The assessment committee conducts a comprehensive assessment. Testing and acceptance products will obtain the quality certificate and the right to use the quality accreditation logo, and may enjoy preferential policies in the national finance and other aspects. Products that do not have a certificate of conformity are subject to improvement and resubmit applications for inspection and acceptance.

In order to stabilize and develop agricultural production, improve the level of agricultural mechanization technology, and expand the scope of use of agricultural machinery, the Russian Federation government has successively introduced many policies and measures to support and encourage the development of agricultural mechanization.

First, attach importance to agricultural machinery technology promotion training. Russia has an organization that specializes in the promotion and popularization of agricultural mechanization technology, and encourages agricultural machinery promotion organizations, agricultural machinery manufacturers, social intermediary agencies, agricultural machinery distribution companies, and pilot farms to hold various forms of agricultural machinery exhibitions. There are various kinds of machinery demonstration activities. The exhibition held by the experimental farm will also explain and demonstrate the operation technologies of various production links in the planting and breeding industries.

Second, the policy is flexible and effective, with national preferential support. In order to expand the widespread use of agricultural machinery, in recent years, the Russian government has formulated a series of policies to support the development of agricultural mechanization. The Russian government publishes a catalogue of agricultural machinery procurement every year. At the same time, a special company is set up and the state provides preferential loans. The products listed in the catalog are first purchased by the company and then sold in two forms. First, the implementation of installment payments sold to users to ease the pressure of user funding shortages. Farmers can pay 10% of the price for purchasing farm machinery, and then pay the remaining amount for 5 to 10 years or more. The Russian government purchases agricultural machinery for farmers or farms, or provides financial subsidies, or provides interest-free loans. Farmers buy new agricultural machinery and can directly use the discounted equipment to guarantee; Second, the implementation of leasing operations to help farmers and farmers who can not afford to purchase Can use agricultural machinery for production.

The effectiveness of this policy lies in that, on the one hand, the state encourages and guides the production enterprises to launch farm machinery products that meet the national industrial development direction and meet national standards, thereby promoting the research and development, technological transformation and product upgrading of enterprises; on the other hand, it has effectively promoted agricultural machinery. Product sales, actively promote the scale of land management, encourage the rational circulation of land, create conditions for the development of agricultural mechanization, and promote the mechanization of agricultural production.

Third, improve land use management and ensure mechanization. The Russian government has actively improved the land use management system, implemented a reward and punishment system for land quality, explored land lease and auction mechanisms, and guided the development of large-scale farms. The Russian government also grants duty reduction and exemption for imports of foreign agricultural machinery products, and purchases of farm machinery oil for farmers and farms can be purchased through credits, and protection prices are purchased for farm products produced by farmers. In addition, some local governments have also introduced some special measures, such as the establishment of large-scale foreign-owned farms, joint-venture large-scale farm pilots, encourage foreign residents to contract the local land, the development of vegetable production.

Fourth, promote the modernization of agricultural machinery and equipment. Recently, the Russian Federation Government has also issued a national revitalization project to promote agricultural development, which will provide financial support for the introduction and promotion of new animal and plant varieties, new agricultural technologies and new equipment, and development of the bio-energy industry. These policies have effectively promoted the popularization and application of agricultural machinery and promoted the development of agricultural and agricultural mechanization. The future of the Russian agricultural machinery and equipment modernization process reflects four main characteristics. One is based on largeness and the latter is supplemented by small ones. The second is the development of duplex operations. Agricultural machinery and equipment can complete multiple processes at once. The third is to develop in the direction of multi-function. For example, the grain combine harvester not only has the straw smashing function during the harvesting process, but also has the functions of laying, picking up, and binding. The fourth is to focus on the development and application of agricultural machinery technology with environmental protection effectiveness. In some parts of Russia, the fallow system is now being implemented, and in some areas where wind and sand are more severe, no-tillage sowing techniques have been introduced to promote conservation tillage.