·Toward the correction of new energy auto industry wind vane with financial subsidies

Under the protection of fiscal policy, the burgeoning period of China's new energy vehicles has passed, and it is switching to a rapid growth period. It is inevitable that the two levels of financial subsidies will gradually “regress”. In the future, government financial subsidies will shift significantly to scale, differentiation and technology. It can be predicted that with the more precise development of financial subsidies, China's new energy vehicles will step into the inclusive growth track of improving quality, focusing on technological innovation and innovative business models.
According to the investigations conducted by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Finance for four months, five new energy vehicle manufacturers including Suzhou Jim West Bus and Jinlong United Automobile defrauded the financial subsidy of 1.01 billion from 2013 to 2015. Therefore, in addition to the requirement to return the financial subsidy funds in full, the five companies were also severely punished by revoking the qualifications for vehicle production, disqualifying financial subsidies and fines. Of course, the five companies exposed are only the tip of the iceberg. Relevant enterprises have also been fined or not removed from the list of recommended models for energy-saving and new-energy vehicles demonstration and application projects without being publicly notified. deal with.

From enjoying exemption from purchase tax and vehicle and boat tax, to obtaining the privilege of not swaying and unlimited license plates, from the government procurement to the central and local levels of financial open money bags to give up, no country in the world like the new energy car like ours Large size and wide caliber support. In the past 10 years, the total subsidies for new energy vehicles in the world have reached about 16 billion US dollars, while China has accounted for more than half. According to the data released by the State Council, since the implementation of the subsidy policy for new energy vehicles since 2009, the central government has accumulatively allocated 33.435 billion yuan of subsidies, such as the local government's 1:1 supporting financial subsidy funds, for each production of a new energy vehicle. Companies can receive up to 134,000 grants.
Generosity and generous financial subsidies have stimulated the spurt growth of new energy vehicles in China. In the past six years, the production and sales volume of new energy vehicles in China has soared from 500 vehicles to 497,000 and 440,000 vehicles last year. Among them, 379,000 new energy vehicles were produced last year, a year-on-year increase of 400%. In the first seven months of this year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles increased by 215,000 and 207,000 respectively, an increase of 119.8% and 122.8%. In just a few years, China has become the world's largest producer and consumer of new energy vehicles.
However, there are so many dirty hands hidden behind the market. The investigation found that the means for enterprises to defraud the state financial subsidies are different. For example, if the vehicle fails to reach the promotion standard or even if it is not produced, the license will be obtained by defrauding the subsidy, and the vehicle that meets the requirements will be sold to the affiliated enterprise instead of the end user, but the subsidy condition is not met. Obtain subsidies in advance; install batteries with low technical content on vehicles that will not be put into production and operation to obtain financial subsidies, sell vehicles to end users, but leave a large amount of idle after obtaining subsidies, resulting in serious waste of financial funds; After obtaining the vehicle subsidy, the company simply dismantled and sold the key components of the purchased vehicle battery and motor, or converted the vehicle into a traditional fuel vehicle and sold it to the rural market. The state financial subsidy funds have become the fat of the people to tease and slaughter.
The state adopts special encouragement and financial subsidies for new energy vehicles, not for commercial purposes, but for a clear direction of social welfare. However, according to Xinhuaxin’s survey of new energy buyers, nearly 80% of car buyers choose the first two of new energy vehicles. The big determinants are licensing and government subsidies, and the core appeal of energy conservation and environmental protection is at the end. The survey also showed that among the determinants of the selection of new energy vehicle brands and models, the amount of subsidies ranked first, and consumers generally did not care about the electricity consumption per 100 kilometers. It seems that the public welfare appeals implied by financial subsidies have not been accepted by consumers. Once the purchasing power “falls back”, it is difficult to ensure the continued sales of new energy vehicles and the decompression of environmental protection.
For the production enterprises, with huge financial subsidies, the production cost can be neglected, and even manufacturers can achieve zero-cost or even “negative cost” production. In this way, subsidies are expected to encourage new energy vehicle manufacturers to improve technology. The original intention of upgrading with industry and products has been eliminated. As a result, the long-term shortcomings such as weak technical functions and hollow core technologies in China's new energy vehicles have not been compensated, and no improvement has been seen. In terms of vehicle, China's new energy vehicle manufacturers have generally lacked common technology development capabilities such as electric chassis and vehicle control. The quality of the vehicle, such as handling, reliability, shock absorption and noise reduction, is still relatively large compared with foreign products. Gap; key components, as the core energy of new energy vehicles, the energy density of power batteries, Japan is 30% to 40% higher than the average level in China, and the number of times of charging is several times that of China. At the same time, the power density of China's drive motor controllers is 30% to 40% lower than the international level. Key components of "battery management systems" such as capacitors, switching devices, chips and sensors are mainly imported. Not only that, but the lack of core technology is also reflected in the planning and development of the new energy vehicle platform architecture. In addition to SAIC and Geely, there are few companies that plan new energy vehicles and traditional gasoline vehicles on the platform structure, and can maximize the sharing of parts and flexibility of production to achieve cost reduction.
Indeed, financial subsidies have alleviated the pressure on the early maturity of new energy vehicles and the high cost of production and development, and effectively launched the sales market. However, financial subsidies have strengthened the dependence of enterprises to a certain extent and induced market malformation, and the profitability of enterprises has distorted the technical route of financial subsidies. The strength of both sides has greatly reduced the overall market effect expected by the policies. From the current point of view, the budding period of new energy vehicles under the protection of fiscal policy has passed, and is switching to a rapid growth period. Therefore, the revised and optimized financial subsidy policy has come up on the agenda.
Due to the need of energy conservation and environmental protection, the central and local governments will continue the financial subsidy policy for new energy vehicles during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, with a subsidy of about 390 billion. However, based on the fact that the cost of new energy vehicles has gradually declined with the scale effect and the cost of some models has dropped rapidly, it is inevitable that the two levels of financial subsidies will gradually “regress”. According to the plan of the Ministry of Finance, the new energy vehicle subsidy standard will be adjusted by 20% on the basis of this year, and by 40% from 2019 to 2020. After 2020, the subsidy policy will be withdrawn. Looking at the new policy introduced by Shenzhen, the maximum reduction of new energy vehicle subsidies this year is one-third, which may become a general trend. In addition, in the future, government financial subsidies will shift significantly to scale, differentiation and technology. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "New Energy Vehicle Carbon Quota Management Measures (Draft for Comment)" and "New Energy Vehicle Manufacturing Enterprises and Product Access Management Regulations (Revised Draft for Soliciting Opinions)", which has significantly improved the entry of new energy vehicles. threshold. Not only that, the state financial funds will be mainly used in the future, charging, charging facilities construction and power battery recycling and corporate innovation subsidies. It can be predicted that with the more precise development of financial subsidies, China's new energy vehicles will step into the inclusive growth track of improving quality, focusing on technological innovation and innovative business models.

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