“Green mines” have become an important direction for the development of the mining industry, which does not meet the standards or will withdraw from the market.

"The overall goal of green mine construction is to strive to reduce the overall image of the traditionally extensive and wasteful mining industry through five years of efforts, and to form a new mode and new pattern of mining development that meets the requirements of ecological civilization construction."

Recently, the Ministry of Land Resources, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Environmental Protection, the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Banking Regulatory Commission, Securities Regulatory Commission jointly issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the construction of green mine" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinion") requirements, increase policy support To speed up the construction of green mines and strive to form a new model of mining development in line with the requirements of ecological civilization construction by 2020.

Three major construction goals of green mine construction

First, a new pattern of green mine construction will be formed. All new mines have met the requirements for green mine construction, and the production mines have been upgraded and upgraded to meet the requirements. Establish a model of Qianjia Technology to lead and innovate and drive green mines, implement demonstrations of 100 green exploration projects, build more than 50 green mining development demonstration zones, and form a number of new models, new mechanisms and new systems that can be replicated and promoted.

The second is to build a new way to transform the mining development mode. Innovative resources, intensive and recycling, new modes of industrial development and new ways of mining economic growth, accelerate the upgrading of green environmental protection technology and equipment, increase the intensity of mine ecological environment management, vigorously promote the conservation and intensive use of land in the mining area and the protection of cultivated land, and guide the formation Effective mining investment, etc.

The third is to establish a new mechanism for the development of green mining. To study and establish a green mine construction work system with national, provincial, municipal, and county level joint creation, enterprise main construction, third-party evaluation, and social supervision, improve the green exploration and green mine construction standard system, improve the supporting incentive policy system, and build a green mining industry. Develop a long-term mechanism.

All provinces and cities responded positively

The target set by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Green Mine Construction Plan will require all new mines to meet the green mine construction standards by the end of 2018; the production mines should be upgraded and upgraded according to the green mine construction standards, and the green mine construction standards will be met within a limited time; by 2020, all The district mines generally meet the basic conditions for green mine construction. In terms of the number of green mines, 35 national green mines were completed before the end of 2018. By the end of 2020, 300 autonomous regional green mines will be completed. By 2025, all mines will meet the national or autonomous regional green mine construction standards, and mining enterprises that do not meet the green mine standards will gradually withdraw from the market.

“Green Sea Mine Construction Implementation Plan of Qinghai Province”, it is clear that 3 national green mining development demonstration zones and large and medium-sized mines in Golmud City, Dulan County and Dachaidan strive to meet the requirements of green mine construction in 2020, and by 2020, the proportion of green mines in the province will reach 15%, reaching 50% in 2025, all mines in 2030 reached the requirements of green mine construction.

"Shaanxi Green Mine Construction Work Plan" clarifies the goal of green mine construction, and proposes to build two green mining development demonstration zones by 2020, establish 10 green mine models, build 100 green demonstration mines, and promote 1000 The green construction level of the mines has basically established a green mine development model that is efficient, environmentally friendly and harmonious.

The “Implementation Opinions on the Construction of Green Mines in Hebei Province” formulated the construction goals of green mines: strive to build a number of demonstration mines in three years, establish a relatively complete green mine standard system and management system; initially build in 8 to 10 years Starting from the province's green mine pattern, large and medium-sized mines have basically reached provincial-level green mine standards, and some mines have built state-level green mines.

Zhejiang Province has built 415 green mines at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels, including 23 national green mines and 118 provincial green mines. According to the 2016 “Zhejiang Mine Ecological Environment Protection and Governance Plan (2016-2020)”, the annual plan for total mining rights control, by 2020, the total amount of mining rights in Zhejiang Province will be controlled within 1000, and the completion rate of green mines will reach 90. %the above.

Guangdong Province By 2020, the province will build 250 green mines, build two green mining development demonstration zones in Renhua County of Shaoguan City and Lianping County of Heyuan City, which will basically meet the requirements of ecological civilization construction, save high efficiency, environment friendly, and mine land. A harmonious green mining development model. The new mines all meet the requirements of green mine construction, and the production mines are speeding up the transformation and upgrading, and gradually reach the standard.

National Green Mine Pilot

Green pilot list 661 mines of Land and Resources announced, the coal 216, 96 ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals 107, 76 gold, 62 chemical, petroleum 13, 59 non-metallic, other special minerals 31 ( corundum, etc.) (Figure 1).

As can be seen from Figure 1, the largest number of 661 national green mines is coal, accounting for about 33%; followed by non-ferrous metals and ferrous metals, accounting for about 16% and 15% respectively. This shows that in the construction of 661 green mines, it is necessary to pay attention to the green construction and development of coal mines. The exploration and development of coal resources has a great impact on the environment, and it is a key task to do a good job in green mine construction. At the same time, we must also build green mines of non-ferrous metals and ferrous metals to achieve efficient use of resources and reduce waste.

Figure 1 661 national green mines and their ratios

Green Mine Construction of National Mineral Resources Planning

In order to optimize the exploration and development of mineral resources during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and better promote green development, the National Mineral Resources Planning (2016-2020) has carried out overall deployment arrangements for mineral resources exploration and development, and the concept of green development has been throughout. The plan proposes to adhere to the first ecological protection, accelerate the development of green mining, accelerate the construction of green mines at the national, provincial, city and county levels, and give full play to local governments with the principles of government organization, departmental collaboration, corporate entities, public participation, and joint promotion. Enthusiasm, implement the main responsibility of the enterprise, and build more than 50 green mining development demonstration zones in areas with rich resources and strong management and innovation capabilities.

Green Mine Construction of Provincial Mineral Resources Master Plan

The third round of mineral resources planning was started at the national level and at the provincial, city and county levels, and synchronized, which formed a good situation of four levels of linkage. The Green Mining Development Demonstration Zone is a concentrated expression of the overall progress of green mines from point to point. The provincial-level mineral resources master plan is implemented in the administrative district as a unit, and the green mining development demonstration zone of the national-level mineral resources planning has been refined (Table 1, Figure 2).

Table 1 Statistical distribution of green mining development demonstration zones in the overall planning of provincial mineral resources

Figure 2 Statistics of the Green Mining Development Demonstration Zone of the Provincial Mineral Resources Master Plan

It can be seen from Table 1 and Figure 2 that in addition to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hainan and Tibet, the other 26 provinces have proposed the construction of a green mining development demonstration zone. Hunan and Xinjiang have the largest number of 13 and 11 respectively; followed by Sichuan, Guizhou, Fujian, Henan, and Shanxi, with 8, 8, 6, 6, and 5 respectively, and 7 provinces of green mining development demonstration zones. It accounts for about 50% of the total number of demonstration areas; the number of green mining development demonstration areas in other provinces is relatively small. This shows that different provinces have different understanding and emphasis on the construction of green mining development demonstration zones.

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the superposition of national green mines and 116 green mining development demonstration zones

In the overall planning of provincial-level mineral resources, a total of 116 green mining development demonstration zones were implemented. From the superimposed diagram of 661 national green mines and 116 green mining development demonstration zones (Fig. 3), the green mines are mainly constructed in the central and eastern regions, and the western regions are very few. The green mines are also the green mining development demonstration zones. Preferred area. Although green development has become the mainstream of mineral resources exploration and development during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Due to different regional development concepts, the awareness and importance of green mines and green mining development demonstration zones are different. At the same time, due to regional differences, especially affected by the natural environment, the development and importance of each region will be different. .

The main problems in the current construction of green mines

1. The development of green mine construction layout is uncoordinated

In the 661 national green mine pilot projects, the western region accounted for less than 33%, and the central and eastern regions accounted for more than 54%. Among the 116 green mining development demonstration zones, the western region accounts for about 40%, and the central and eastern regions account for more than 52%. Although both in terms of resource reserves and resource potential, the western region is superior to the central and eastern regions. However, as can be seen from Figure 3, the construction of green mines and green mining development demonstration areas is mainly in the central and eastern regions, and there are few in the western regions, especially in Tibet, where only two green mines are piloted. To solve the problem of regional development disharmony, the western region needs to root the concept of green development on the basis of protecting the environment, rooting the development concept in the exploration, development and utilization of mineral resources, and truly transforming resource advantages into economic advantages. .

2. The green mine standard system is not perfect

Green mine construction needs to be supported by supporting green mine construction standards. However, due to different regional economic development, different resources development and utilization technologies, different resource and environmental carrying capacity, it is necessary to formulate different capacities for different regions, different minerals, and different resource environments. Green mine construction standards. At present, China has introduced a national-level green mine construction standard system, which mainly stipulates nine aspects: lawful mining, standardized management, comprehensive utilization, technological innovation, energy conservation and emission reduction, environmental protection, land reclamation, community harmony, and corporate culture. A unique show is not spring, and a hundred flowers bloom in spring, and the standards for green mine construction are also the same. At present, only Zhejiang Huzhou City has issued local green mine construction standards, and other provinces, cities and counties have not yet established green mine construction standards. The speed of the introduction of green mine standards is directly related to the progress of green mine construction. A sound green mine standard system is an important starting point for ensuring green exploration, green development and green utilization of mineral resources. In addition to national, provincial, city and county-level green mine construction standards, industries and enterprises can also introduce green mining industry standards and corporate standards based on the actual conditions of the industry and enterprises.

3. The green mine pattern has basically formed a long way to go.

In May 2017, the “Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Green Mines” jointly issued by the Ministry of Land and Resources and other six ministries and commissions clearly pointed out that it is necessary to basically form a new pattern of green mine construction and strive to form a mining development that meets the requirements of ecological civilization construction by 2020. New mode. The basic formation of the green mine pattern should be based on the construction of green mines. Judging from the 661 national green mine pilot units, the green mine construction of the pilot units was uneven. In 2016, the Ministry of Land and Resources evaluated the construction of green mines in the first batch and the second batch of national green mine pilot units. In the central and eastern regions, Hebei Province is an example. Only 9 of the 12 pilot units have reached the basic conditions of national green mines, and the compliance rate is 75%. The compliance rate in the western region is far lower than that in the central and eastern regions, and the progress of green mine construction in the western region is also slow. . There are still more than two years from 2020, and there is still a long way to go to achieve a new pattern of green mine construction.

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